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TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) said that "The true forms of government are those in which the one, or the few, or the many govern, with a view to the common interest".

A government run by one person Aristotle called an aristocracy. Government by the few he called an oligarchy. Government by the many was a polity - or what we now call a constitutional democracy. Although Aristotle considered these the true forms of government , he believed that each could be bad as well as good. For example, a monarchy ruled only for the purpose of increasing the monarch's wealth and power became a tyranny and the ruler a

 Tyrant . When the ruling few in an aristocracy ruled only for their own benefit, Aristotle referred to such a government as an absolute monarchy.

Oligarchic governments were more common on his time than today. But although such governments did not necessarily begin as corrupt or tyranni­cal, Aristotle saw them as inevitably becoming so.

To describe rule by the many, Aristotle drew on the Greek word demos, meaning "common people". He called government by the common people a democracy. Aristotle did not regard democracy favorably, how­ever, for he believed that government by the could lead to disorder or law­lessness.

Like many other terms used in government, autocracy is derived from Greek roots, in this case   those for " self and " rule". An autocrat was a ruler with unlimited authority authoritarian government, a related term, refers to a monarch who ruled without checks on his or her power. The two terms were combined in the former emperors of Russia, who used "autocrat" as part of their title. Absolute monarchies exist today only in some of the states of the Arabian Peninsula. Another related term for autocracy, more commonly used  in the past,  is despotism or rule by  a despot .As a form of government,Dictatorship is of fairly recent origin.The term came into use in the 1920's and 1930's to describe the regimes of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, until their destruction in World War II. Following the war's end in 1945, the name was increasingly used in de­scribing the government of the Soviet Union and the newly created Com­munist states of Eastern Europe.

A totalitarian government, as its name implies, is characterized by its total control over all aspects of its citizen's political and economic ac­tivities. Although often used interchangeably with totalitarianism to indi­cate a non-democratic form of government, totalitarianism is ever more rigorous in its controls. It is also marked by a distinct ideology, or set of beliefs, as Fascism, Nazis, or Communism.